The dirham is the currency of Morocco. Its ISO 4217 code is "MAD". It is subdivided into 100 santimat. The dirham is issued by the Bank Al-Maghrib, the central bank of Morocco. It is also the de facto currency in Western Sahara.
Before the introduction of a modern coinage in 1882, Morocco issued copper coins denominated in falus, silver coins denominated in dirham and gold coins denominated in benduqi. From 1882, the dirham became a subdivision of the rial, with 10 dirham = 1 rial.
The dirham was reintroduced in 1960. It replaced the franc as the major unit of currency but, until 1974, the franc continued to circulate, with 1 dirham = 100 francs. In 1974, the santim replaced the franc.
In 1960, silver 1 dirham coins were introduced. These were followed by nickel 1 dirham and silver 5 dirham coins in in 1965. In 1974, with the introduction of the santim, a new coinage was introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 santimat and 1 dirham. The 1 santim coins were aluminium, the 5 up to 20 santimat were minted in brass, with the highest two denominations in cupro-nickel. The 1 santim was only minted until 1975. Cupro-nickel 5 dirham coins were added in 1980. In 1987, new designs were introduced, with a ½ dirham replacing the 50 santimat without changing the size or composition. The new 5 dirham coin was bimetallic, as was the 10 dirham coin introduced in 1995.
The first notes denominated in dirham were overprints on earlier franc notes, in denominations of 50 dirham (on 5000 francs) and 100 dirham (on 10,000 francs). In 1965, new notes were issued for 5, 10 and 50 dirham. 100 dirham notes were introduced in 1970, followed by 200 dirham notes in 1991 and 20 dirham in 1996. 5 dirham notes were replaced by coins in 1980, with the same happening to 10 dirham notes in 1995.
Portuguese dinheiro (Numismatic information) Added: 07/09/10 10:24 AM (Three hours, six minutes, twenty-two seconds ago) Rating(0) Viewed(521)
The dinheiro was the currency of Portugal from around the late 12th century until approximately 1433. For accounting purposes, twelve dinheiros equalled one soldo and twenty soldos equal one libra.
The first Portuguese coins were issued by the first king, Afonso I. Some time after 1179, he ordered the issue of coins in denominations of half a dinheiro (called a mealha) and one dinheiro. They were copied from the Spanish dinero and were consequently minted in billon. These circulated alongside Byzantine siliquae and Moorish dirhem and dinar.
Around 1200, Sancho I also introduced the gold morabitino (cf. Spanish maravedí), worth 15 soldos. A century later, in the reign of King Denis, the silver tornês was introduced, worth 51/2 soldos.
In 1380, King Ferdinand I introduced several new coins. There were gold dobra, worth 6 libras, silver real worth 10 soldos and various billon denominations, some of whose names related to war equipment used by the French who helped Portugal in the war against Castile, such as the pilarte worth seven dinheiros.
During the reign of King João I, a new real was introduced, known either as the "real of 31/2 libras" or the "real branco". With a value of 70 soldos, this was to become the unit of account by the beginning of the reign of João I's successor (King Duarte I) in 1433.
Note that in modern Portuguese, the word "dinheiro" means "money".
Servei d' ปล่อย de la Vegueria episcopal ได้ออกจาก 1977 เป็นต้นไปชุดต่างๆของสกุลเงินเหรียญเหลา ก่อนหน้านี้มีเอกชนรายย่อยออกเงินตราเหลา (มูลค่ากฎหมาย no)
